Table of Contents
What is Cervical Cancer? Cervical cancer kya hota hai? Cervical Cancer Kya hai
Cervical cancer voh cancer hai jo cervix ke cells mein shuru hota hai. Cervix uterus (garbhashay) ka neeche waala, sankirna hissa hota hai. Cervix uterus ko vagina (janan marg) se jodta hai. Cervix cancer aam taur par dheere dheere vikasit hota hai. Cancer cervix mein dikhai dene se pehle, cervix ke cells mein dysplasia naamak badlav aate hain, jisme abnormal cells cervical tissue mein dikhai dene lagte hain. Samay ke saath, agar in abnormal cells ko nasht ya hataaya nahi gaya, toh ye cells cancer cells ban sakte hain aur cervix mein aur uske aas-paas ke areas mein gehrai se badhne aur failne lag sakte hain.
Cervix ke do mukhya bhaag hote hain:
- Ectocervix (jo exocervix bhi kaha jata hai) cervix ka bahari hissa hota hai jo gynecologic parikshan ke dauraan dekha ja sakta hai. Ectocervix ko patle, flat cells jo squamous cells kehlate hain, se dhaka hota hai.
- Endocervix cervix ka andaruni hissa hota hai jo ek naali banata hai jo vagina ko uterus se jodta hai. Endocervix ko column-shaped glandular cells se dhaka hota hai jo mucus banate hain.
Squamocolumnar junction (jo transformation zone bhi kaha jata hai) voh seema hai jahan endocervix aur ectocervix milte hain. Adhikansh cervical cancers is kshetra mein shuru hote hain.
Cervical Cancer kis wajah se hota hai? Causes of Cervical Cancer
Sarvical koshikaon (Sarvical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) aur sarvical cancer mein cancer poorv ke badlaav lagbhag hamesha Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ke kaaran hote hain jo yaun sampark ke madhyam se sanchaarit hote hain. HPV virus se jananang masse ho sakte hain. HPV vaccine, sarvical cancer screening aur sarvical intraepithelial neoplasia ke upchaar tak pahunch vaale deshon mein pichhle kai dashkon mein sarvical cancer ki dar mein nirantar kami aayi hai.
Sarvical cancer ke vikaas ke liye jokhim kaarakon mein nimnalikhit shaamil hain:
- Yaun sanchaarit sankramanon ke sampark mein aane ki sambhaavna adhik hona (udaaharan ke taur par, kam umra mein pehli baar yaun samaagam karna, ek se adhik yaun saathi hona, ya jinke yaun sanchaarit sankramanon ke jokhim kaarak hain vaise yaun saathi hona)
- Maukhik garbh nirodhakon (janm niyantran ki goliyaan) ka upyog karna
- Cigarette peena (dhoomrapaan karna)
- Valva (bhag), yoni ya guda mein cancer poorv ke badlaav ya cancer hona
- Kamzor pratiraksha pranaali hona (cancer ya AIDS jaise vikaar ke kaaran ya keemotherapi davaaon ya corticosteroids jaisi davaaon ke kaaran)
Maukhik, jananang ya guda sampark sahit kisi bhi prakaar ki yaun gatividhi ke madhyam se HPV sanchaarit ho sakta hai. HPV sankraman bahut aam hai, aur lagbhag 80% yaun sakriya log apne jeevankaal mein kam se kam ek baar HPV sankraman ke sampark mein aate hain. Kai HPV sankraman keval thode samay tak rehte hain, lekin kuchh log HPV se ek se adhik baar sankramit ho sakte hain, aur kuchh HPV sankraman varshon tak rehte hain.
Cervical Cancer Symptoms | सर्वाइकल कैंसर की पहचान
Cervical cancer ke saath bahut saari mahilayein is bimari ko shuruaati daur mein pehchaan nahi paati kyun ki yeh bimari deri se lakshan dikhati hai. Jab lakshan dikhai dete hain, toh unhe aam sthitiyon jaise masik dharm aur urinary tract infections (UTIs) se aasani se bhramit kiya ja sakta hai.
Cervical cancer ke samanya lakshan hain:
- Asamanya raktasrav, jaise ki periods ke beech mein, sambhog ke baad, ya menopause ke baad
- Yoni srav jo samanya se alag dikhta ya sugandhit hota hai
- Pelvis mein dard
- Adhik baar urine karne ki zarurat
- Urine karte samay dard Agar aap inme se kisi bhi lakshan ko dekhte hain, toh apne doctor se parikshan ke liye milen.
Cancer poorv ke badlaav aamtaur par koi lakshan nahi paida karte hain. Praarambhik avastha mein, sarvical cancer ke koi lakshan nahi bhi ho sakte hain.
Sarvical cancer ka pehla lakshan aamtaur par yoni se asaamanya raktsraav hota hai, jo aksar yaun kriya ke baad hota hai. Maahvaari ke beech spotting ya bhaari raktsraav ho sakta hai, ya maahvaari asaamanya roop se bhaari ho sakti hai. Bade cancer se raktsraav ki sambhaavna adhik hoti hai aur yoni se durgandhayukt srav aur pelvic kshetra mein dard ho sakta hai.
Yadi cancer vyaapak hai, to isse peeth ke nichle hisse mein dard aur pairon ki sujan ho sakti hai. Mootr path avaruddh ho sakta hai, aur upchaar ke bina, gurde ki vifalta ho sakti hai.
Stages of Cervical Cancer | Sarvical cancer ke stages
Nidhaan ke baad, aapke doctor aapke cancer ko ek stage assign karenge. Stage batata hai ki cancer faila hai ya nahi, aur agar haan, to kitni door faila hai. Aapke cancer ko staging karne se aapke doctor ko aapke liye sahi upchaar dhoondhne mein madad mil sakti hai.
Sarvical cancer ke chaar stages hote hain:
- Stage 1: Cancer chhota hai. Yeh lymph nodes tak faila ho sakta hai. Yeh sharir ke anya hisson mein faila nahi hai.
- Stage 2: Cancer bada hai. Yeh uterus aur cervix ke baahar ya lymph nodes tak faila ho sakta hai. Yeh abhi bhi sharir ke anya hisson tak pahuncha nahi hai.
- Stage 3: Cancer ne vagina ke neeche waale hisse ya pelvis tak faila diya hai. Yeh ureters, jo gurdon se mutra ko bladder tak le jaane waale tubes hain, ko block kar sakta hai. Yeh sharir ke anya hisson mein faila nahi hai.
- Stage 4: Cancer pelvis ke baahar organs jaise ki aapke lungs, bones, ya liver tak faila ho sakta hai.
Cervical Cancer ke Test
Pap smear ek test hai jo doctors ka upyog karte hain sarvical cancer ki nidaan ke liye. Is test ko karne ke liye, aapke doctor aapke cervix ke satah se koshikaon ka namuna lete hain. Yeh koshikaen phir ek prayogshala mein bheji jaati hain jahan unhe precancerous ya cancerous parivartanon ke liye test kiya jaata hai.
Agar in parivartanon ko paya jaata hai, to aapka doctor colposcopy ka sujhaav de sakta hai, jo ek prakriya hai aapke cervix ki jaanch ke liye. Is test ke dauraan, aapke doctor ek biopsy le sakte hain, jo sarvical koshikaon ka namuna hota hai.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ne mahilaon ke umra ke anusaar nimnalikhit screening schedule ka sujhaav diya hai:
- Age 21 se 29: Har 3 saal mein ek baar Pap smear karvayein.
- Age 30 se 65: Har 3 saal mein ek baar Pap smear karvayein, har 5 saal mein ek high-risk HPV (hrHPV) test karvayein, ya har 5 saal mein Pap smear plus hrHPV test karvayein.
Cervical cancer ke liye alag-alag prakaar ki surgery hoti hain
Cervical cancer ke upchaar ke liye kai alag prakaar ki surgery hoti hain. Aapke doctor kaunsi surgery sujhaav denge, yeh is par nirbhar karta hai ki cancer kitni door tak faila hai.
- Cryosurgery cervix mein rakhe probe ke saath cancer cells ko freeze karti hai.
- Laser surgery ek laser beam ke saath abnormal cells ko jala deti hai.
- Conization ek surgical knife, laser, ya bijli se garam kiye gaye patle taar ka upyog karke cervix ka cone-shaped hissa hata deti hai.
- Hysterectomy poora uterus aur cervix hata deti hai. Jab vagina ka top bhi hata diya jaata hai, to ise radical hysterectomy kaha jaata hai.
- Trachelectomy cervix aur vagina ke top ko hata deti hai, lekin uterus ko sthaan par chhod deti hai taaki ek mahila bhavishya mein bachche paida kar sake.
- Pelvic exenteration uterus, vagina, bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, aur colon ka ek hissa hata sakti hai, yeh is par nirbhar karta hai ki cancer kahan tak faila hai.
Cervical Cancer Treatment | Cervical Cancer Kaise Theek Kare | सर्वाइकल कैंसर का इलाज
सर्वाइकल कैंसर का उपचार:
उपचार के विकल्प: सर्जरी, विकिरण चिकित्सा, और / या कीमोथेरपी
Sarvical cancer ka upchaar cancer ke charan par nirbhar karta hai. Isme surgery, vikiran chikitsa aur chemotherapy shaamil ho sakte hain.
कैंसर पूर्व के बदलाव और प्रारंभिक चरण I सर्वाइकलकैंसर
- Cancer poorv sarvical koshikaen (Sarvical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) aur sarvical cancer jisme keval garbhashay greeva ki satah shaamil hoti hai (praarambhik charan I) ka upchaar samaan tareeke se kiya jaata hai.
- Doctors aksar cone biopsy ke dauraan garbhashay greeva ke hisse ko nikaalkar cancer ko poori tarah se nikaal sakte hain. Ve Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), laser, ya scalpel ka upyog kar sakte hain. Ye upchaar ek mahila ki bacche paida karne ki kshamata ko sanrakshit karte hain.
बाद का चरण I और प्रारंभिक चरण II सर्वाइकल कैंसर
- Yadi sarvical cancer mein garbhashay greeva ki satah se adhik shaamil hai, lekin cancer abhi bhi apekshaakrut chhota hai, to upchaar aamtaur par hota hai
- Radical hysterectomy (hysterectomy aur yoni aur snaayubandhan ke oopari bhaag sahit aaspaas ke utakon ko hataana) aur lymph nodes ka mulyankan hota hai
- Pet (open surgery) mein ek bada cheera lagaakar ya naabhi ke theek neeche chhote cheeron ke maadhyam se daakhil ki gayi patli dekhne waali tube (laparoscope) aur vishesh surgical upkaranon ka upyog karke hysterectomy ki jaati hai. Shodh bataati hai ki jab open surgery ki jaati hai, to cancer ke vaapas aane ki sambhaavna kam hoti hai aur laparoscopic surgery hone par mahilaon ke lambe samay tak jeevit rehne ki sambhaavna adhik hoti hai.
बाद के चरण II से और प्रारंभिक चरण IV सर्वाइकल कैंसर
- Jab sarvical cancer pelvis ke bheetar aur faila hua hai ya any angon mein faila hua hai, to nimnalikhit upchaar ko praathmikata di jaati hai:
- Vikiran chikitsa ke saath chemotherapy
- Doctor Positive Emission Tomography ka Computed Tomography ke saath (PET-CT) upyog yah nirdhaarit karne ke liye kar sakte hain ki kya lymph nodes shaamil hain aur is prakaar yah nirdhaarit karte hain ki vikiran ko kahan nirdeshit kiya jaana chaahiye.
- Baahari vikiran (sharir ke baahar se pelvis par nirdeshit) ka upyog cancer ko sikodne aur cancer ka upchaar karne ke liye kiya jaata hai jo paas ke lymph nodes mein faila hua ho sakta hai.
- Phir cancer ko nasht karne ke liye garbhashay greeva mein radioactive aropan rakha jaata hai (ek prakaar ka aantarik vikiran jise brachytherapy kaha jaata hai).
उपचार के विकल्प: विकिरण चिकित्सा और कीमोथेरपी
- Yadi surgery ke dauraan, doctors ko pata chalta hai ki cancer garbhashay greeva ke baahar fail gaya hai, to hysterectomy nahi ki jaati hai, aur vikiran chikitsa aur chemotherapy ki sifaarish ki jaati hai.
- Yadi cancer badh gaya hai ya pelvis ke bheetar failne laga hai, to upchaar aamtaur par hota hai
- Vikiran chikitsa aur chemotherapy
- Andaashay aamtaur par jagah par hi chhod diye jaate hain kyun ki sarvical cancer ke andaashay mein failne (metastasize) ki sambhaavna nahi hoti hai.
सर्वाइकल कैंसर का व्यापक प्रसार या पुनरावृत्ति
- Sarvical cancer ke vyaapak prasaar ya punaravritti ke liye mukhya upchaar nimnalikhit hain:
- Keemotherapy, aamtaur par paclitaxel aur cisplatin ya topotecan ke saath.
- Haalaanki, keemotherapy cancer ke aakaar ko kam karti hai aur upchaar ki gayi lagbhag aadhi mahilaon mein iske prasaar ko niyantrit karti hai, aur laabhkaari prabhaav aamtaur par keval asthaayi hota hai. Ek aur dava (bevacizumab ya pembrolizumab—monoclonal antibody ka upyog kai prakaar ke cancer ke upchaar ke liye kiya jaata hai) ko jodne se kuchh mahinon tak jeevit rah sakte hain.
- Yadi vikiran chikitsa ke baad pelvis mein cancer rah jaata hai, to doctor kuchh ya sabhi pelvis angon (jise pelvis exenteration kaha jaata hai) ko hataane ke liye surgery ki sifaarish kar sakte hain. In angon mein prajanan ang (yoni, garbhashay, fallopian tube aur andaashay), mootraashay, mootramaarg, malaashay aur guda shaamil hain. Kaun se ang nikaale jaate hain aur kya sabhi nikaale jaate hain yah kai kaarakon par nirbhar karta hai, jaise ki cancer ka sthan, mahila ki shaareerik rachana aur surgery ke baad uske lakshya. Mootr (urostomy) aur mal (colostomy) ke liye sthaayi chhidr pet mein banaaye jaate hain taaki ye apshisht utpaad sharir se baahar nikal saken aur bag mein ekatrit ho saken.
सेंटिनल लिम्फ नोड मैपिंग और विच्छेदन
- Sentinal limf nod pahlaa limf nod hai jisme cancer koshikaon ke failne ki sambhaavna hoti hai. Ek se adhik sentinal limf nod ho sakte hain. In nods ko sentinal limf nods kaha jaata hai kyonki ve sabse pahle chetaavni dete hain ki cancer fail gaya hai.
- Ek sentinal limf nod vichchedan mein nimnalikhit shaamil hain:
- Sentinal limf nod ki pahchaan karna (mapping kaha jaata hai)
- Ise nikaalna
- Yah nirdhaarit karne ke liye iski jaanch karna ki kya cancer koshikaen maujood hain
- Sentinal limf nods ki pahchaan karne ke liye, doctor tumor ke paas garbhashay greeva mein ek neeli ya hari daai aur/ya ek radioactive padarth inject karte hain. Ye padarth garbhashay greeva se pelvis mein pahle limf nod (ya nods) tak marg ko map karte hain. Surgery ke dauraan, doctor tab limf nods ki jaanch karte hain, jo neele ya hare rang ke dikhte hain ya jo radioactive sanket dete hain (ek haath mein pakadne waale upkaran dwaara pata lagaaya jaata hai). Doctor is nod (ya nods) ko nikaalte hain aur ise cancer ki jaanch ke liye prayogshaala mein bhejte hain. Yadi sentinal limf nod ya nods mein cancer koshikaen nahin hoti hain, to koi anya limf nods nahin hataaye jaate hain (jab tak ki ve asaamanya na dikhen).
- Ek sentinal limf nod vichchedan mein nimnalikhit shaamil hain:
- Praarambhik charan ke sarvical cancer waali mahilaon ke liye, sentinal limf nod vichchedan pelvis mein limf nods ko nikaalne ka ek vikalp hai. Praarambhik charan ke cancer waali keval 15 se 20% mahilaon mein sarvical cancer limf nods mein failta hai. Sentinal limf nod vichchedan doctors ko limf nods ki sankhya ko jinhen nikaalne ki aavashyakata hoti hai unhen seemit karne mein madad kar sakta hai kabhi-kabhi keval ek tak. Limf nods ko nikaalne se aksar utakon mein taral padarth ke sanchay jaisi samasyaen hoti hain, jisse nirantar soojan (limfedema), aur tantrika kshati ho sakti hai.
सर्वाइकल कैंसर के बाद प्रजनन क्षमता और रजोनिवृत्ति
- Radical hysterectomy, keemotherapy aur/ya vikiran chikitsa ke saath upchaar aamtaur par mahilaon ke liye garbhavati hona ya garbhaavastha ko sampurn avadhi tak le jaana asambhav banaa deta hai. Haalaanki, agar bachche paida karne mein saksham hona unke liye mahatvapurn hai, to mahilaon ko apne doctor se baat karnee chaahie aur is baare mein adhik se adhik jaankaari praapt karnee chaahie ki upchaar prajanan kshamata ko kaise prabhaavit karata hai aur kya ve aise upchaaron ke liye paatr hain jo bhavishy ki garbhaavastha ko asambhav nahin banaate hain.
- Kon biopsy (conaization) un mahilaon ke liye ek vikalp ho sakta hai jinko kam jokhim, praarambhik charan sarvical cancer hai aur jo bachche paida karne ki apni kshamata ko sanrakshit karana chaahatee hain. Is prakriya se pahle, doctor yah dekhne ke liye jaanchate hain ki kya cancer pelvis mein limf nods mein fail gaya hai. Yadi cancer nahin faila hai, to doctor kon biopsy ke dauraan garbhashay greeva ke hisse ko nikaal kar cancer ko poori tarah se hataa sakte hain.
About This Article
National Cancer Institute: Cervical Cancer: Yeh web site sarvical cancer ke baare mein saamanya jaankaari ke link pradaan karti hai, saath hi kaarano, rokthaam, screening, upchaar aur anusandhaan aur cancer ka mukaabla karne ke baare mein jaankaari ke link bhi pradaan karti hai. Kripya dhyaan dein ki is sansadhan ki vishayvastu ke liye main zimmedaar nahi hoon.
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